17.06.2025
International industrial clusters: from competition between countries to common goals
The global economy, evolving in its development, is becoming more complex, which means that economic ties between enterprises of different countries get inevitably intertwined. Countries are moving from conventional trade to the pro- duction of joint products. Russia can achieve its technological sovereignty by inte- grating into international cooperative ties, as the Russian Federation is part of the international community.
Foreign experience shows that businesses of different countries closely inter- act with one another. In this regard, such a thing as an international industrial clus- ter has become widespread. Russian enterprises also seek interaction, especially in complex production and high-tech, with foreign companies that have their own resources, so it is advisable to establish institutions of international industrial clus- ters in Russia.
An international industrial cluster is not a territorial but an extraterritorial economic phenomenon, the main feature of which is cooperative links between enterprises of different countries regardless of their location. That is, different parts of a common output product can be produced in different countries and through- out different continents.
The economic objective of the international industrial cluster is the estab- lishment of stable long-term cooperative ties between specific business entities to achieve common production goals. Unlike joint ventures, which unite separate sin- gle business entities, international industrial clusters bring together a large num- ber of differently oriented business entities into a single system. This will ensure a synergy of economic potentials of different countries, necessary for manufacturing high-tech and expensive products, as such a task would be too challenging and economically unsustainable for a single country. It will also facilitate the movement of finished products between the countries participating in international indus- trial clusters and for each of them to expand the market for its products. This will accelerate further technological progress of mankind in various fields of mechan- ical engineering, shipbuilding, space industry, medicine and other critical areas of development. The technological development paradigm may shih from competi- tion between different countries to cooperation to achieve common goals. This will contribute to the common cooperation of countries and their peaceful coexistence. It is advisable to start developing the institute of international industrial clus-
ters in the SCO, BRICS and EAEU countries. This practice can later be extended to relations with other countries as well.
What the institution of international industrial clusters brings to Russia
Achievement of the national goal of the International Cooperation and Exports national project;
An additional factor of foreign states‘ connectivity with Russia through the creation of cooperative ties and joint ventures that would be economically unfeasible to break; a soh power tool to increase Russia’s influence in foreign countries;
Expedited production of technically complex, knowledge-intensive and resource-intensive products at lower cost through the synergy of economic potentials of different countries;
Acquisition of foreign technologies by Russian enterprises though cooperation and joint ventures, through joint educational programmes with foreign enter- prises to train and retrain personnel as well as via joint scientific cooperation;
The added value of finished products will be generated in Russia through establishing local production facilities, with taxes paid to the Russian budget and new jobs created for Russian citizens;
Enhancing overall cooperation with friendly countries and promoting their peaceful coexistence with Russia.
Tools to be developed and implemented as a result of international treaties of states in the process of creating international industrial clusters that are rel- evant to businesses:
Use of a single unique closed system of international financial settlements (including digital currency), available only to members of the international industrial cluster, simplifying financial relations, guaranteeing their enforce- ability and reducing transaction costs.
An alternative to lending. For Russian business entities, the format of creat ing joint ventures with foreign partners under international industrial clus ters means investments in the existing production business, filling it with working capital, supplying equipment, introducing foreign technologies, modernising, expanding and scaling up the business, and providing export opportunities.
Use of a unified system of interstate support for all members of an interna tional industrial cluster, regardless of their nationality, by creating a joint fund financed from budgetary or extra-budgetary resources of different states. The principle of ‘more support for joint ventures’ applies.
Tax, customs and other privileges and preferences typical for free economic zones, but applied extraterritorially and ‘mirroring’ in the territories of all states that are parties to international agreements on the establishment of interna tional industrial clusters and in relation to their specific residents. The principle of ‘more preferences for joint ventures’ applies.
Duty-free customs movement of goods between member countries of an inter national industrial cluster for member business entities.
A favourable system of barter exchange based on the principle of ‘shipping a component in exchange for duty- and tax-free finished products worth the value of the said component’, including the use of a guarantee system established by each state to ensure the performance of deliveries.
Expansion of the market for manufactured products.
Formation of a globally competitive cost of manufactured goods.
The institution of international industrial clusters in Russia can be arranged as follows:
monitoring of Russian industrial enterprises, their condition and output products in order to identify technologies, equipment, raw materials, components and parts lacking for successful and profitable operations, as well as unique and/or innovative technologies, equipment, raw materials, components and parts, and to analyse their ability for international cooperation;
interaction between government authorities and business entities to ensure systemic measures for the development of international cooperation;
development of drah laws and regulations aimed at introducing the necessary legal framework to establish the institution of international cooperation in Russia;
scientific cooperation with scientists, inventors and innovators in order to study foreign technologies, develop their own technologies, build a scientific base for introducing developments and technologies into industrial
production in order to create new technologies, equipment, raw materials, components and parts using cooperative models of interaction;
educational activities and training events for business entities in order to teach them basics of international cooperation;
preparation of agreements on the protection and promotion of capital invest- ments with joint ventures and foreign enterprises.
A register of residents of international industrial clusters will be maintained, with residents being Russian, foreign, joint ventures and international companies.
Criterion for inclusion in the register:
compliance of the planned finished manufactured products with the sectoral import substitution plans of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia;
provision by a resident candidate of a production programme that meets the established requirements.
Criterion for removal from the registry: significant deviations from the production programme.
Being in the register gives the right to receive all support measures and preferences. Exclusion from the register deprives of such rights.
Specialised organisations will be created for managing international industrial clusters; they will provide methodological, organisational, expert-analytical, information and communication support to Russian and foreign business entities.
International activities will be carried out through the following activities:
building up an extensive communication network with business entities, as well as with Russian diplomatic missions and Russian consulates abroad and in Russian regions;
building international cooperative chains;
monitoring of foreign countries to find partners, holding negotiations, participation in international events to disseminate registers of supply and demand for cooperation and to find participants in the international cooperation mechanism.
Potential conflicts that may arise in the course of cooperative activities between cluster residents will be resolved by an internal mediation service, which will act as a mediator in order to avoid litigation and quickly settle disputes between residents on an amicable basis.
A tribunal will also be established as an intra-system body following the rules of international arbitration and will handle disputes between residents.
Maintaining demand registers: these registers will contain deficit technologies, technological equipment, raw materials and components by sectors to form a cooperative demand.
Maintaining supply registers: these registers will contain unique technologies, technological equipment, raw materials and components by sector to form a cooperative supply.
production in order to create new technologies, equipment, raw materials, components and parts using cooperative models of interaction;
educational activities and training events for business entities in order to teach them basics of international cooperation;
preparation of agreements on the protection and promotion of capital investments with joint ventures and foreign enterprises.
A register of residents of international industrial clusters will be maintained, with residents being Russian, foreign, joint ventures and international companies.
Criterion for inclusion in the register:
compliance of the planned finished manufactured products with the sectoral import substitution plans of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia;
provision by a resident candidate of a production programme that meets the established requirements.
Criterion for removal from the registry: significant deviations from the production programme.
Being in the register gives the right to receive all support measures and preferences. Exclusion from the register deprives of such rights.
Specialised organisations will be created for managing international industrial clusters; they will provide methodological, organisational, expert-analytical, information and communication support to Russian and foreign business entities.
International activities will be carried out through the following activities:
building up an extensive communication network with business entities, as well as with Russian diplomatic missions and Russian consulates abroad and in Russian regions;
building international cooperative chains;
monitoring of foreign countries to find partners, holding negotiations, participation in international events to disseminate registers of supply and demand for cooperation and to find participants in the international cooperation mechanism.
Potential conflicts that may arise in the course of cooperative activities between cluster residents will be resolved by an internal mediation service, which will act as a mediator in order to avoid litigation and quickly settle disputes between residents on an amicable basis.
A tribunal will also be established as an intra-system body following the rules of international arbitration and will handle disputes between residents.
Maintaining demand registers: these registers will contain deficit technologies, technological equipment, raw materials and components by sectors to form a cooperative demand.
Maintaining supply registers: these registers will contain unique technologies, technological equipment, raw materials and components by sector to form a cooperative supply.
In order to develop international industrial clusters, Russia needs the respec- tive regulatory framework to provide a legislative definition of this phenomenon and to develop state support mechanisms and other necessary rules. The regulatory work will look as follows.
Amending the federal law ‘On industrial policy in the Russian Federation’ to introduce legal groundwork for international industrial clusters;
Developing and adopting a number of regulations to create systems for all elements of the IIC institution, in particular, identifying priority international cooperation areas for Russia, defining rules for inclusion and exclusion from the registers of IIC residents, registers of cooperative supply and demand, approving rules for state support, customs and tax preferences, approving the rules for international settlements within IICs, creating guarantee mechanisms for the functioning of the financial and barter systems of interaction within IICs, and other functions necessary for the existence of this institution;
Signing international agreements with foreign states on the creation of international industrial clusters, establishing common rules and standards, creat- ing systems of interstate support for IIC members, other systems necessary for the functioning of the IIC institution on the international level;
Drahing amendments to Russian legislation in accordance with international agreements reached.
In conclusion, I propose that the topic ‘International industrial clusters: from competition between countries to common goals’ be taken for presentation at the National Centre RUSSIA open dialogue ‘The Future of the World: A New Platform for Global Growth’, which will be held on 28–30 April 2025, given its global creative significance.
Foreign experience shows that businesses of different countries closely inter- act with one another. In this regard, such a thing as an international industrial clus- ter has become widespread. Russian enterprises also seek interaction, especially in complex production and high-tech, with foreign companies that have their own resources, so it is advisable to establish institutions of international industrial clus- ters in Russia.
An international industrial cluster is not a territorial but an extraterritorial economic phenomenon, the main feature of which is cooperative links between enterprises of different countries regardless of their location. That is, different parts of a common output product can be produced in different countries and through- out different continents.
The economic objective of the international industrial cluster is the estab- lishment of stable long-term cooperative ties between specific business entities to achieve common production goals. Unlike joint ventures, which unite separate sin- gle business entities, international industrial clusters bring together a large num- ber of differently oriented business entities into a single system. This will ensure a synergy of economic potentials of different countries, necessary for manufacturing high-tech and expensive products, as such a task would be too challenging and economically unsustainable for a single country. It will also facilitate the movement of finished products between the countries participating in international indus- trial clusters and for each of them to expand the market for its products. This will accelerate further technological progress of mankind in various fields of mechan- ical engineering, shipbuilding, space industry, medicine and other critical areas of development. The technological development paradigm may shih from competi- tion between different countries to cooperation to achieve common goals. This will contribute to the common cooperation of countries and their peaceful coexistence. It is advisable to start developing the institute of international industrial clus-
ters in the SCO, BRICS and EAEU countries. This practice can later be extended to relations with other countries as well.
What the institution of international industrial clusters brings to Russia
Achievement of the national goal of the International Cooperation and Exports national project;
An additional factor of foreign states‘ connectivity with Russia through the creation of cooperative ties and joint ventures that would be economically unfeasible to break; a soh power tool to increase Russia’s influence in foreign countries;
Expedited production of technically complex, knowledge-intensive and resource-intensive products at lower cost through the synergy of economic potentials of different countries;
Acquisition of foreign technologies by Russian enterprises though cooperation and joint ventures, through joint educational programmes with foreign enter- prises to train and retrain personnel as well as via joint scientific cooperation;
The added value of finished products will be generated in Russia through establishing local production facilities, with taxes paid to the Russian budget and new jobs created for Russian citizens;
Enhancing overall cooperation with friendly countries and promoting their peaceful coexistence with Russia.
Tools to be developed and implemented as a result of international treaties of states in the process of creating international industrial clusters that are rel- evant to businesses:
Use of a single unique closed system of international financial settlements (including digital currency), available only to members of the international industrial cluster, simplifying financial relations, guaranteeing their enforce- ability and reducing transaction costs.
An alternative to lending. For Russian business entities, the format of creat ing joint ventures with foreign partners under international industrial clus ters means investments in the existing production business, filling it with working capital, supplying equipment, introducing foreign technologies, modernising, expanding and scaling up the business, and providing export opportunities.
Use of a unified system of interstate support for all members of an interna tional industrial cluster, regardless of their nationality, by creating a joint fund financed from budgetary or extra-budgetary resources of different states. The principle of ‘more support for joint ventures’ applies.
Tax, customs and other privileges and preferences typical for free economic zones, but applied extraterritorially and ‘mirroring’ in the territories of all states that are parties to international agreements on the establishment of interna tional industrial clusters and in relation to their specific residents. The principle of ‘more preferences for joint ventures’ applies.
Duty-free customs movement of goods between member countries of an inter national industrial cluster for member business entities.
A favourable system of barter exchange based on the principle of ‘shipping a component in exchange for duty- and tax-free finished products worth the value of the said component’, including the use of a guarantee system established by each state to ensure the performance of deliveries.
Expansion of the market for manufactured products.
Formation of a globally competitive cost of manufactured goods.
The institution of international industrial clusters in Russia can be arranged as follows:
monitoring of Russian industrial enterprises, their condition and output products in order to identify technologies, equipment, raw materials, components and parts lacking for successful and profitable operations, as well as unique and/or innovative technologies, equipment, raw materials, components and parts, and to analyse their ability for international cooperation;
interaction between government authorities and business entities to ensure systemic measures for the development of international cooperation;
development of drah laws and regulations aimed at introducing the necessary legal framework to establish the institution of international cooperation in Russia;
scientific cooperation with scientists, inventors and innovators in order to study foreign technologies, develop their own technologies, build a scientific base for introducing developments and technologies into industrial
production in order to create new technologies, equipment, raw materials, components and parts using cooperative models of interaction;
educational activities and training events for business entities in order to teach them basics of international cooperation;
preparation of agreements on the protection and promotion of capital invest- ments with joint ventures and foreign enterprises.
A register of residents of international industrial clusters will be maintained, with residents being Russian, foreign, joint ventures and international companies.
Criterion for inclusion in the register:
compliance of the planned finished manufactured products with the sectoral import substitution plans of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia;
provision by a resident candidate of a production programme that meets the established requirements.
Criterion for removal from the registry: significant deviations from the production programme.
Being in the register gives the right to receive all support measures and preferences. Exclusion from the register deprives of such rights.
Specialised organisations will be created for managing international industrial clusters; they will provide methodological, organisational, expert-analytical, information and communication support to Russian and foreign business entities.
International activities will be carried out through the following activities:
building up an extensive communication network with business entities, as well as with Russian diplomatic missions and Russian consulates abroad and in Russian regions;
building international cooperative chains;
monitoring of foreign countries to find partners, holding negotiations, participation in international events to disseminate registers of supply and demand for cooperation and to find participants in the international cooperation mechanism.
Potential conflicts that may arise in the course of cooperative activities between cluster residents will be resolved by an internal mediation service, which will act as a mediator in order to avoid litigation and quickly settle disputes between residents on an amicable basis.
A tribunal will also be established as an intra-system body following the rules of international arbitration and will handle disputes between residents.
Maintaining demand registers: these registers will contain deficit technologies, technological equipment, raw materials and components by sectors to form a cooperative demand.
Maintaining supply registers: these registers will contain unique technologies, technological equipment, raw materials and components by sector to form a cooperative supply.
production in order to create new technologies, equipment, raw materials, components and parts using cooperative models of interaction;
educational activities and training events for business entities in order to teach them basics of international cooperation;
preparation of agreements on the protection and promotion of capital investments with joint ventures and foreign enterprises.
A register of residents of international industrial clusters will be maintained, with residents being Russian, foreign, joint ventures and international companies.
Criterion for inclusion in the register:
compliance of the planned finished manufactured products with the sectoral import substitution plans of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia;
provision by a resident candidate of a production programme that meets the established requirements.
Criterion for removal from the registry: significant deviations from the production programme.
Being in the register gives the right to receive all support measures and preferences. Exclusion from the register deprives of such rights.
Specialised organisations will be created for managing international industrial clusters; they will provide methodological, organisational, expert-analytical, information and communication support to Russian and foreign business entities.
International activities will be carried out through the following activities:
building up an extensive communication network with business entities, as well as with Russian diplomatic missions and Russian consulates abroad and in Russian regions;
building international cooperative chains;
monitoring of foreign countries to find partners, holding negotiations, participation in international events to disseminate registers of supply and demand for cooperation and to find participants in the international cooperation mechanism.
Potential conflicts that may arise in the course of cooperative activities between cluster residents will be resolved by an internal mediation service, which will act as a mediator in order to avoid litigation and quickly settle disputes between residents on an amicable basis.
A tribunal will also be established as an intra-system body following the rules of international arbitration and will handle disputes between residents.
Maintaining demand registers: these registers will contain deficit technologies, technological equipment, raw materials and components by sectors to form a cooperative demand.
Maintaining supply registers: these registers will contain unique technologies, technological equipment, raw materials and components by sector to form a cooperative supply.
In order to develop international industrial clusters, Russia needs the respec- tive regulatory framework to provide a legislative definition of this phenomenon and to develop state support mechanisms and other necessary rules. The regulatory work will look as follows.
Amending the federal law ‘On industrial policy in the Russian Federation’ to introduce legal groundwork for international industrial clusters;
Developing and adopting a number of regulations to create systems for all elements of the IIC institution, in particular, identifying priority international cooperation areas for Russia, defining rules for inclusion and exclusion from the registers of IIC residents, registers of cooperative supply and demand, approving rules for state support, customs and tax preferences, approving the rules for international settlements within IICs, creating guarantee mechanisms for the functioning of the financial and barter systems of interaction within IICs, and other functions necessary for the existence of this institution;
Signing international agreements with foreign states on the creation of international industrial clusters, establishing common rules and standards, creat- ing systems of interstate support for IIC members, other systems necessary for the functioning of the IIC institution on the international level;
Drahing amendments to Russian legislation in accordance with international agreements reached.
In conclusion, I propose that the topic ‘International industrial clusters: from competition between countries to common goals’ be taken for presentation at the National Centre RUSSIA open dialogue ‘The Future of the World: A New Platform for Global Growth’, which will be held on 28–30 April 2025, given its global creative significance.
Общемировая экономика, эволюционируя в своём развитии усложняется, в связи с чем неизбежно переплетаются хозяйственные связи предприятий различных стран. От обычной торговли страны переходят к производству совместной продукции. Задача достижения технологического суверенитета нашей страны может быть достигнута путём интеграции России в международные кооперационные связи, поскольку Российская Федерация – это часть международного сообщества.
Опыт зарубежных стран говорит о тесном взаимодействии субъектов промышленной деятельности различных государств между собой. В связи с этим, широкое распространение получило такое явление как международный промышленный кластер. Российские предприятия также стремятся к взаимодействию, особенно в сложных производствах и высоких технологиях с иностранными компаниями, обладающими своими ресурсами, поэтому целесообразно появление в России институтов международных промышленных кластеров.
Международный промышленный кластер - это не территориальное, а экстерриториальное экономическое явление, главный признак которого это кооперационные связи между предприятиями различных государств вне зависимости от места их нахождения. То есть различные части общего выпускаемого продукта могут производиться в различных странах и на разных континентах.
Экономической задачей международного промышленного кластера является образование устойчивых длительных кооперационных связей между конкретными субъектами предпринимательства для достижения единых производственных целей. В отличие от формата совместных предприятий, объединяющих отдельные единичные субъекты предпринимательства, международные промышленные кластеры будут формировать большое количество разнонаправленных субъектов предпринимательства в единую систему. Это позволит образовать синергию экономических потенциалов различных стран для выпуска технологически сложной и дорогостоящей продукции, производство целиком которой в отдельно взятой стране является затруднительным и невозможным с точки зрения экономики. Также это позволит упростить перемещение
готовой продукции в международном пространстве стран-участниц международных промышленных кластеров и для каждой из них расширить рынок сбыта продукции. Это ускорит дальнейший технологический прогресс человечества в различных сферах машиностроения, судостроения, космической отрасли, медицины и других важных для мира сферах развития. Парадигма в технологическом развитии может сместиться из плоскости конкурентной борьбы различных стран к кооперации для достижения единых целей. Это будет способствовать общему сотрудничеству стран и их мирному сосуществованию.
Институт международных промышленных кластеров целесообразно начать развивать с площадки стран, входящих в ШОС, БРИКС и ЕАЭС. Впоследствии такая практика может быть распространена и на взаимоотношения с другими странами.
Что даёт институт международных промышленных кластеров России.
1. Достижение национальной цели нацпроекта «Международная кооперация и экспорт»
2. Дополнительный фактор связанности иностранных государств с Россией в результате создания кооперационных связей и совместных предприятий, которые разорвать будет экономически невыгодно; инструмент «мягкой силы» для повышения влияния России на территории иностранных государств.
3. Производство в ускоренной перспективе технически сложной, наукоёмкой и ресурсоёмкой продукции без затрачивания значительных бюджетных средств за счёт синергии экономических потенциалов различных стран;
4. Обретение российскими предприятиями иностранных технологий в процессе кооперационного взаимодействия и в результате создания совместных предприятий, а также за счёт взаимных с иностранными предприятиями образовательных программ, нацеленных на подготовку и переподготовку кадров, совместного научного сотрудничества;
5. Добавленная стоимость готового продукта будет образовываться в России за счёт локализации производств, налоговые платежи будут уплачены на территории Российской Федерации, создание дополнительных рабочих мест для российских граждан;
6. Укрепление общего сотрудничества с дружественными странами и способствование их мирному сосуществованию с Россией.
Инструменты, которые будут разработаны и внедрены в результате международных договоров государств в процессе создания международных промышленных кластеров и представляющие значение для бизнеса:
1. Пользование единой уникальной замкнутой системой международных финансовых расчётов, (в том числе с помощью цифровой валюты), доступной только членам международного промышленного кластера, упрощающей финансовые взаимоотношения, гарантирующей их исполнимость и снижение транзакционных издержек.
2. Альтернатива кредитованию. Для российских субъектов предпринимательства формат создания совместного с иностранными партнёрами предприятия в рамках МПК означает инвестиции в действующий производственный бизнес, наполнение его оборотными средствами, поставку оборудования, внедрение иностранных технологий, модернизация, расширение и масштабирование бизнеса, возможности для экспорта.
Пользование единой системой межгосударственной поддержки всех членов международного промышленного кластера вне зависимости от принадлежности к конкретному государству путём создания объединённого фонда за счёт бюджетных либо внебюджетных средств различных государств. Действует принцип «совместным предприятиям – больше поддержки».
4. Налоговые, таможенные и иные льготы и преференции, характерные для свободных экономических зон, но действующие экстерриториально и «зеркально» на территориях всех государств, являющихся участниками международных соглашений относительно образования МПК и в отношении конкретных резидентов МПК. Действует принцип «совместным предприятиям – больше преференций».
5. Пользование беспошлинным таможенным перемещением товаров между странами-участницами международного промышленного кластера для субъектов предпринимательства, являющихся их членами;
6. Выгодная система бартерного взаимодействия по принципу «отгрузка составной части продукции и взамен получение без пошлин и налогов готовой продукции на сумму отгруженной ранее её составной части», в том числе пользование созданной в каждом государстве гарантийной структуры, обеспечивающей исполнение поставок.
7. Расширение рынка сбыта выпускаемой продукции
8. Формирование конкурентоспособной на мировом рынке стоимости производимого товара
Система работы института международных промышленных кластеров в России может работать следующим образом:
- мониторинг российских промышленных предприятий, их состояния, выпускаемой продукции с целями выявления недостающих для успешной и прибыльной деятельности технологий, оборудования, сырья, компонентов и комплектующих, а также уникальных и / или инновационных технологий, оборудования, сырья, компонентов и комплектующих, анализ на способность к международной кооперации;
- осуществление взаимодействия между органами государственной власти и субъектами предпринимательства для выполнения задач выстраивания системных мер развития международной кооперации;
- разработка проектов нормативно-правовых актов, направленных на внедрение в российское законодательство необходимой нормативно-правовой базы для формирования института международной кооперации;
- научная деятельность в форме сотрудничества с учёными, изобретателями, рационализаторами с целью изучения иностранных технологий, выработки собственных, создания научной базы для внедрения разработок и технологий в промышленное производство в целях создания новых технологий, оборудования, сырья, компонентов и комплектующих по кооперационных моделям взаимодействия;
- образовательная деятельность в форме проведения обучающих мероприятий для субъектов предпринимательства с целью обучения международной кооперации;
- подготовка соглашений о защите и поощрении капиталовложений с совместными и иностранными предприятиями.
Будет осуществляться ведение реестра резидентов международных промышленных кластеров, которыми будут российские, иностранные, совместные предприятия и международные компании.
Критерий включения в реестр:
- соответствие видов планируемой готовой производимой продукции отраслевым планам импортозамещения Минпромторга России;
- предоставление кандидатом в резиденты производственной программы, отвечающей установленным требованиям.
Критерий исключения из реестра: существенные отклонения от производственной программы.
Нахождение в реестр даёт права на получение всех мер поддержки, преференций. Исключение из реестра – лишает таких прав.
Будут образованы специализированные организации, управляющие международными промышленными кластерами для осуществления методического, организационного, экспертно-аналитического, информационного, коммуникативного сопровождения российских и иностранных субъектов предпринимательства.
Международная деятельность будет осуществляться в виде следующих мероприятий:
- образование разветвлённой коммуникативной сети с субъектами предпринимательства, а также с российскими дипломатическими представительствами и российскими консульствами за рубежом и в регионах России;
- выстраивание международных кооперационных цепочек;
- мониторинг зарубежных стран с целью поиска партнёров, проведение переговоров, участие в международных мероприятиях в целях распространения реестров спроса и предложения кооперации и поиска участников механизма международной кооперации.
Возможные конфликты, которые могут возникнуть в ходе кооперационной деятельности между резидентами кластеров будут разрешаться внутренней службой медиации, которая будет выполнять медиативные функции с целью профилактики судебных разбирательств, быстрого решения споров миром между резидентами.
Третейский суд будет также создан как внутрисистемное образование по правилам международного третейского судопроизводства и будет рассматривать дела между резидентами.
Ведение реестров спроса: в данных реестрах по отраслям будут дефицитные технологии, технологическое оборудование, сырьё и комплектующие для формирования кооперационного спроса.
Ведение реестров предложения: в данных реестрах по отраслям будут уникальные технологии, технологическое оборудование, сырьё и комплектующие для формирования кооперационного предложения.
Для развития международных промышленных кластеров, в России необходима нормативная база, позволяющая дать законодательное определение этому явлению и разработать инструменты государственной поддержки, а также иные необходимые правила. Нормативная работа будет выглядеть следующим образом.
1) Внесение изменений и дополнений в федеральный закон «О промышленной политике в Российской Федерации» в части введения правовых основ для функционирования международных промышленных кластеров;
2) Разработка и принятие ряда подзаконных актов в целях создания систем функционирования всех элементов института МПК, в частности определения приоритетных для России направлений для международной кооперации, определение правил включения и исключения из реестров резидентов МПК, реестров кооперационных спроса и предложения, утверждения правил оказания государственной поддержки, таможенных и налоговых преференций, утверждение правил осуществления международных расчётов внутри МПК, создания гарантийных механизмов функционирования финансовой и бартерной систем взаимодействия внутри МПК, иных функций, необходимых для существования института;
3) Заключение международных договоров с иностранными государствами о создании международных промышленных кластеров, утверждающих общие правила и стандарты, создающие системы межгосударственной поддержки членов МПК, иные системы, необходимые для функционирования института МПК в международном поле.
4) Подготовка изменений в российское законодательство в соответствии с достигнутыми международными соглашениями.
В завершение эссе предлагаю принять решение о вынесении в качестве доклада темы «Международные промышленные кластеры: от состязательности между странами к общим целям» в Национальном центре «Россия» открытом диалоге «Будущее мира. Новая платформа глобального роста», который состоится 28 — 30 апреля 2025 года ввиду её глобального созидательного значения.
Читать весь текст
Социальные сети Instagram и Facebook запрещены в РФ. Решением суда от 21.03.2022 компания Meta признана экстремистской организацией на территории Российской Федерации.